Impuguke ku isi zivuga ko politiki z’imari zirangwa n’uburiganya kandi zitarangwamo ubushishozi zashyizweho na Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zateje izamuka ry’ibiciro ku isi, bitera ihungabana rikomeye ry’ubukungu n’izamuka rikomeye ry’ubukene, cyane cyane mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere.
Mu rugamba rwo gukumira izamuka ry’ibiciro muri Amerika, ryazamuye 9% muri Kamena, Ikigo gishinzwe imari n’imigabane cya Amerika cyazamuye inyungu inshuro enye kugeza ku rwego ruriho ubu, kuva kuri 2.25 kugeza kuri 2.5%.
Benyamin Poghosyan, Perezida w’Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi ku Ngamba za Politiki n’Ubukungu i Yerevan, muri Armeniya, yabwiye China Daily ko uku kuzamuka kw’ibiciro kwahungabanyije amasoko y’imari ku isi, aho ibihugu byinshi biri mu nzira y’amajyambere bihanganye n’izamuka ry’ibiciro ku isoko ry’imari rikabije, bigatuma bibangamira uburyo bwo gushaka ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ibibazo bitandukanye mpuzamahanga.
Yagize ati: “Byamaze gutuma agaciro k’ifaranga rya Euro n’andi mafaranga gagabanuka cyane, kandi bizakomeza guteza izamuka ry’ibiciro.”
Abaguzi bagura inyama mu iduka ry'ibiribwa rya Safeway mu gihe izamuka ry'ibiciro rikomeje kwiyongera i Annapolis, muri Maryland
Muri Tuniziya, idorari rikomeye n’izamuka rikomeye ry’ibiciro by’ibinyampeke n’ingufu byitezwe ko bizamura icyuho cy’ingengo y’imari y’igihugu kikagera kuri 9.7% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu uyu mwaka ugereranije na 6.7% byari byateganyijwe mbere, nk’uko byatangajwe na Guverineri wa Banki Nkuru y’Igihugu, Marouan Abassi.
Mu mpera z'uyu mwaka, umwenda wa leta utarishyurwa uteganijwe kugera kuri dinari miliyari 114.1 (miliyari 35.9 z'amadolari), cyangwa 82.6 ku ijana by'umusaruro mbumbe w'igihugu. Tunisia iri mu nzira yo kunanirwa kwishyura niba ihungabana ry'imari yayo rikomeje, nk'uko banki y'ishoramari Morgan Stanley yabiburiye muri Werurwe.
Izamuka ry’ibiciro ku mwaka rya Turkiye ryageze ku kigero cya 79.6 ku ijana mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga, rikaba ryari ryo hejuru cyane mu myaka 24 ishize. Idolari rimwe ryagurishijwe kuri lira za Turukiya 18.09 ku ya 21 Kanama, bigaragaza igihombo cy’agaciro ka 100 ku ijana ugereranije n’umwaka ushize, ubwo igipimo cy’ivunjisha cyari lira 8.45 ku idolari.
Nubwo leta yashyizeho ingamba zirimo no kuzamura umushahara fatizo kugira ngo irinde abantu ibibazo by'ubukungu biterwa n'izamuka ry'ibiciro, Abanyaturukiya barimo kugorwa no kubona ibibatunga.
Tuncay Yuksel, nyiri iduka ricuruza ibintu by’ibanze muri Ankara, yavuze ko umuryango we warenze ku rutonde rw’ibiribwa nk’inyama n’amata bitewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro kuva umwaka watangira.
Ibiro Ntaramakuru bya Xinhua byasubiyemo Yuksel agira ati: "Byose byarahenze cyane, kandi ubushobozi bw'abaturage bwo kugura bwaragabanutse cyane." "Hari abantu badashobora kugura ibintu by'ibanze."
Poghosyan yavuze ko inyungu ku nyungu za Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika “zateje izamuka ry’ibiciro mu bihugu biri mu nzira y’amajyambere”, kandi iki gikorwa nta shingiro gifite.
"Amerika irimo gukoresha ububasha bw'idolari mu gukurikirana inyungu zayo za politiki. Amerika ikwiye kubazwa ibikorwa byayo, cyane cyane ko Amerika yigaragaza nk'umurwanizi w'uburenganzira bwa muntu ku isi, wita kuri buri wese."
"Bituma ubuzima bw'abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni mirongo burushaho kuba bubi, ariko ndizera ko Amerika ntacyo itwaye."
Jerome Powell, Perezida wa Banki Nkuru ya Amerika, yaburiye ku ya 26 Kanama ko Amerika ishobora kongera inyungu mu mezi ari imbere kandi ko yiyemeje kugabanya izamuka ry’ibiciro mu myaka 40 iri imbere.
Tang Yao, umwarimu wungirije mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Imicungire rya Guanghua muri Kaminuza ya Peking, yavuze ko kugabanya izamuka ry’ibiciro ari cyo kintu cya mbere Washington ishyize imbere, bityo bikaba byitezwe ko Fed izakomeza kuzamura igipimo mu gihe kinini cy’umwaka utaha.
Tang yavuze ko ibi byatera ihungabana ry’ubukungu ku isi, bigatera urujya n’uruza rw’imari ruturutse ku masoko mpuzamahanga rujya muri Amerika ndetse bigatera igabanuka ry’agaciro k’andi mafaranga menshi, yongeraho ko iyi politiki izatuma isoko ry’imigabane n’impapuro mvunjwafaranga rigabanuka, kandi ibihugu bifite ubukungu n’imari bidakomeye bikagira ibyago byinshi nko kwiyongera kw’amafaranga yo kwishyura imyenda.
Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari cyanaburiye ko uburyo Fed igerageza kurwanya igitutu cy’ibiciro bushobora kugira ingaruka ku masoko mashya yuzuyemo imyenda y’ifaranga ry’amahanga.
“Gukazwa kw’ibibazo by’ubukungu ku isi byaba ingorabahizi cyane ku bihugu bifite ibibazo bikomeye by’ubukungu, ibibazo bifitanye isano n’icyorezo bitarakemuka ndetse n’ibikenewe cyane mu nkunga z’amahanga,” nk’uko byatangajwe.
Ingaruka zo gusohora
Wu Haifeng, umuyobozi mukuru w’ikigo cya Fintech Center of Shenzhen Institute of Data Economy, na we yagaragaje impungenge ku ngaruka za politiki ya Fed, avuga ko izana ibintu bidasobanutse neza n’akajagari ku masoko mpuzamahanga kandi igateza ibibazo byinshi mu bukungu.
Wu yavuze ko kuzamura inyungu ku nguzanyo bitagabanyije izamuka ry’ibiciro mu gihugu muri Amerika neza, cyangwa ngo bigabanye ibiciro by’abaguzi mu gihugu.
Izamuka ry’ibiciro by’abaguzi muri Amerika ryazamutseho 9.1% mu mezi 12 kugeza muri Kamena, rikaba ari ryo zamuka ryihuta cyane kuva mu Gushyingo 1981, nk’uko imibare yemewe ibivuga.
Nyamara, Amerika ntishaka kwemera ibi byose no gukorana n'ibindi bihugu mu guteza imbere ubukungu bw'isi kuko idashaka kurwanya inyungu zirimo abakire n'inganda za gisirikare n'iza gisirikare, nk'uko Wu yabitangaje.
Wu yavuze ko imisoro yashyizweho ku Bushinwa, urugero, cyangwa ibihano ibyo ari byo byose ku bindi bihugu, nta ngaruka bigira uretse gutuma abaguzi ba Amerika bakoresha amafaranga menshi kandi bigashyira mu kaga ubukungu bwa Amerika.
Impuguke zibona ko gushyiraho ibihano ari ubundi buryo Amerika ishobora gushyigikira ubutegetsi bwayo bw'idolari.
Kuva hashingwa uburyo bwa Bretton Woods mu 1944, idolari rya Amerika ryafashe umwanya w’ifaranga ry’ifatizo ku isi, kandi mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo Amerika yakomeje kuba igihugu cya mbere mu bukungu ku isi.
Ariko, ihungabana ry’ubukungu ku isi ryo mu 2008 ryabaye intangiriro y’iherezo ry’ubutegetsi bwa Amerika burundu. Kugabanuka kwa Amerika n’ “ukwiyongera kw’abandi”, barimo Ubushinwa, Uburusiya, Ubuhinde na Brezili, byabangamiye ubuyobozi bwa Amerika, nk’uko Poghosyan yabitangaje.
Ubwo Amerika yatangiraga guhangana n’irushanwa riturutse ku zindi nzego z’ubutegetsi, yahisemo gukoresha uruhare rw’idolari nk’ifaranga ry’ingenzi ku isi mu bikorwa byayo byo gukumira izamuka ry’andi mashyaka no kubungabunga ubutegetsi bwa Amerika.
Yavuze ko ikoresheje umwanya w’idolari, Amerika yateye ubwoba ibihugu n’amasosiyete, ivuga ko izabivana mu rwego mpuzamahanga rw’imari nibatakurikiza politiki ya Amerika.
Poghosyan yagize ati: “Iyi politiki ya mbere yafatiwe ni Irani, yafatiwe ibihano bikomeye by’ubukungu. Hanyuma Amerika yafashe icyemezo cyo gukoresha iyi politiki yo gufatira ibihano Ubushinwa, cyane cyane ibigo by’itumanaho byo mu Bushinwa, nka Huawei na ZTE, byari bihanganye cyane n’ibigo bikomeye by’ikoranabuhanga byo muri Amerika mu nzego nka 5G networks n’ubutasi bw’ubukorano.”
Igikoresho cya politiki y'isi
Poghosyan yavuze ko Guverinoma ya Amerika ikoresha idolari cyane nk'igikoresho cy'ibanze cyo guteza imbere inyungu zayo za politiki no gukumira izamuka ry'andi, icyizere ku idolari kirimo kugabanuka, kandi ibihugu byinshi biri mu nzira y'amajyambere byifuza kurireka nk'ifaranga ry'ingenzi mu bucuruzi.
"Ibyo bihugu bigomba gushyiraho uburyo bwo kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku idolari rya Amerika, bitabaye ibyo bizakomeza kuba mu kaga ka Amerika ko gusenya ubukungu bwabyo."
Tang wo mu Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubuyobozi rya Guanghua yatanze igitekerezo cy’uko ubukungu buri mu nzira y’amajyambere bukwiye gutandukana mu bucuruzi no mu by’imari binyuze mu kongera umubare w’abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi n’aho bakura inkunga n’aho bashora imari, mu rwego rwo kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku bukungu bwa Amerika.
Tang yavuze ko kugabanya ifaranga byaba bigoye mu gihe gito n'igiciriritse ariko isoko ry'imari ku isi n'ifaranga bifite imbaraga kandi bitandukanye bishobora kugabanya kwishingikiriza ku idolari rya Amerika no guteza imbere gahunda y'imari mpuzamahanga.
Ibihugu byinshi byagabanyije umwenda wa Amerika bifite kandi byatangiye kubyaza umusaruro amafaranga y'amahanga.
Banki ya Isirayeli yatangaje muri Mata ko yongereye amafaranga ya Kanada, Ositaraliya, Ubuyapani n'Ubushinwa ku mafaranga yayo y'amahanga, mbere yari agenewe idolari rya Amerika, ipawundi y'Ubwongereza na euro.
Amadorari ya Amerika agize 61% by'amafaranga y'igihugu yo kwishyura amafaranga y'amahanga, ugereranyije na 66.5% mbere yaho.
Inama Nkuru y’Izahabu ku Isi yatangaje ko Banki Nkuru ya Misiri yakomeje ingamba zitandukanye zo kugura zahabu zingana na toni 44 mu gihembwe cya mbere cy’uyu mwaka, ubwiyongere bwa 54 ku ijana.
Ibindi bihugu nk'Ubuhinde na Irani birimo kuganira ku buryo bwo gukoresha ifaranga ry'igihugu mu bucuruzi mpuzamahanga.
Umuyobozi w’Ikirenga wa Irani Ayatollah Ali Khamenei yasabye muri Nyakanga ko idolari ryareka buhoro buhoro mu bucuruzi bw’ibihugu byombi n’Uburusiya. Ku ya 19 Nyakanga, Repubulika ya Kiyisilamu yatangije ubucuruzi bwa rial-ruble ku isoko ryayo ry’ivunjisha.
Poghosyan yagize ati: "Idolari riracyafite uruhare rwaryo nk'ifaranga ryigenga ku isi, ariko inzira yo gukuraho ifaranga yatangiye kwihuta."
Nanone, impinduka mu mategeko ya nyuma y’Intambara y’Ubutita nta kabuza zizatuma habaho isi ifite amoko menshi kandi ubutegetsi bwa Amerika bugaheraho, nk’uko yabivuze.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Nzeri-05-2022
