Ubwoko 7 bw'Abacukuzi

Ubwoko bw'imashini zicukura buri imwe ifite imiterere n'akamaro kayo:

Imashini zicukura zikoresha Crawler: Zizwi kandi nk'imashini zisanzwe zicukura, izi zikoreshwa mu mirimo myinshi yo gucukura. Zifite inzira aho gukoresha amapine, ibyo bikaba bitanga ituze n'uburinganire bwiza ku butaka butandukanye. Kubera inzira, zikwiriye gukoreshwa ku butaka butaringaniye cyangwa bworoshye, nk'ibyondo cyangwa ubutaka bw'umucanga. Zikoreshwa cyane mu gucukura, gucukura imiyoboro y'amazi, gukuramo ubutaka, no guterura ibintu biremereye.

Imashini zicukura zifite amapine: Ugereranyije n'izicukura zigenda buhoro buhoro, imashini zicukura zifite amapine zifite uburyo bwo kugenda neza kandi zikwiriye ahantu hakomeye no mu mijyi. Zishobora kugenda vuba mu mihanda, bigatuma ziba nziza cyane mu bihe aho akazi gakunze guhinduka.

Imashini zicukura zikoresha dragline: Ubu bwoko bw'imashini zicukura bukunze gukoreshwa mu bikorwa binini byo gucukura, nko gucukura hejuru no gucukura ibyobo birebire. Imashini zicukura zikoresha dragline zifite indobo nini ifatirwa n'insinga kandi ikoreshwa mu "gukurura" ibikoresho. Zikwiriye cyane cyane gucukura kure no kwimura ibikoresho byinshi.

Imashini zicukura amazi zikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi mu gukuraho imyanda n'ubutaka mu butaka. Zikunze gukoreshwa mu gukata ubutaka mu gihe cyo gushyira ibikoresho byo munsi y'ubutaka kugira ngo hirindwe kwangiza ibikorwa remezo bihari.

Imashini zicukura zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya Skid Steer: Izi mashini nto zikora ibintu byinshi kandi zishobora gukora ahantu hato. Imiterere yazo ituma habaho impinduka zihuse zo gufatanya, nk'indobo, inyundo, imigeri, nibindi, zikoreshwa mu mirimo itandukanye nko gusenya, kuvanga ubutaka, no gusukura.

Amacukumbuzi yo mu bwoko bwa Long Reach: Afite ukuboko kure n'indobo, akwiriye ahantu ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gucukura bitagera. Akunze gukoreshwa mu gusenya inyubako, gusukura inzira z'amazi, n'ibindi bintu bisaba gukoreshwa intera ndende.

Uducukuzi duto: Uducukuzi duto ni duto kandi turakwiriye cyane gukorera ahantu hafunganye, nko mu mijyi cyangwa ahantu hato. Nubwo ari duto ugereranije n'uducukuzi tunini, turacyafite imbaraga kandi dufasha cyane kandi akenshi dukoreshwa mu mishinga mito yo gucukura no mu mirimo yo gutunganya imirima.

Ubwo bwoko bw'imashini zicukura bukozwe hakurikijwe ibisabwa mu kazi kandi bugira uruhare runini kuva ku mishinga mito y'ubusitani kugeza ku mishinga minini y'ubwubatsi.

1. Abacukuzi b'amafi yo mu bwoko bwa Crawler

Bitandukanye n'izindi mashini nini zicukura zikoresha amapine, izi mashini zigenda ku nzira ebyiri nini kandi ni nziza cyane mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no mu mirimo ikomeye yo kubaka. Izi mashini zizwi kandi nka "compact excavators", zikoresha uburyo bw'ingufu za hydraulic kugira ngo ziterure imyanda iremereye n'ubutaka.

Sisitemu yabo y'amapine y'umunyururu ibafasha kumanuka no kuzamuka imisozi nta ngaruka mbi nyinshi, bigatuma baba beza mu gupima ahantu hari imisozi miremire no gutunganya ahantu hatangana. Nubwo bagenda buhoro kurusha izindi mashini zicukura, inyoni zigenda zitera uburinganire, ubworoherane n'ituze muri rusange.

Ibyiza:Tanga uburinganire n'ituze ku buryo bungana

Ibibi:Bigenda buhoro kurusha izindi mashini zicukura

2. Imashini zicukura zifite amapine

Imashini zicukura zifite amapine ingano n'isura bisa n'izigenda ku mazina ariko zigenda ku mapine aho gukoresha inzira. Gusimbuza inzira n'amapine bituma zigenda vuba kandi zoroshye ku buryo zigenda ku butaka bunini bwa sima, asphalt n'ahandi hantu harambuye mu gihe zitanga imbaraga zimwe.

Kubera ko amapine atanga ubusugire buke ku butaka butaringaniye nk'inzira, imashini zicukura zifite amapine zikunze gukoreshwa mu mishinga yo gukora imihanda no mu mijyi. Ariko, abakoresha bashobora kongeramo imashini zicukura kugira ngo bongere ubusugire mu gihe bahinduranya hagati ya kaburimbo cyangwa sima n'ubuso butaringaniye.

Ibyiza:Byoroshye kandi byihuse kuyikoresha ahantu harambuye

Ibibi:Imyitwarire mibi ku butaka butaringaniye

3. Abacukuzi ba Dragline

Umucukuzi w’imirongo itembera ni umucukuzi munini ukora ibintu bitandukanye. Ibikoresho bikoresha uburyo bwo gukurura umugozi ufata ku ndobo ukoresheje icyuma gikurura umugozi. Urundi ruhande rw’indobo rufata ku mucukuzi uva ku ndobo ujya ku kabati. Umugozi wo gukurura umugozi uzamura kandi umanura indobo mu gihe umucukuzi ukurura indobo ugana ku mushoferi.

Bitewe n'uburemere bwazo, imiyoboro y'amazi ikunze guteranywa aho hantu. Uburyo bwihariye bw'ubu bwoko bw'imashini zicukura bukunze gukoreshwa mu mishinga minini y'ubwubatsi nka canal dreading.

Ibyiza:Sisitemu y'ibice by'amazi ni nziza cyane mu gucukura munsi y'amazi no mu miyoboro y'amazi

Ibibi:Uburemere n'ingano bituma bidashoboka ku mirimo mito

4. Imashini zicukura amazi zikoresha imashini zikura

Izindi zizwi kandi nka "vacukurteur" (imashini zikura amazi mu buryo bwa "vacuum cleaner"), zikoresha umuyoboro ukurura amazi ushobora gutanga ingufu zigera kuri "horsepower" 400. Iyi mashini ibanza kurekura umuyoboro w'amazi kugira ngo yorohereze ubutaka.

Umuyoboro, ufite amenyo atyaye ku nkombe, hanyuma ugakora icyuho gitwara ubutaka n'imyanda kugeza ku birometero 400 mu isaha.

Imashini icukura ibintu ikoresheje amazi irakwiriye gukoreshwa mu butaka, kuko ishobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwangirika ku kigero kirenga 50%.

Ibyiza:Ubuhanga bwo kongeramo ubushishozi bugabanya kwangirika mu gihe cy'imirimo yoroshye

Ibibi:Imiyoboro mito ikurura ikoreshwa mu buryo bunini ntabwo ikora neza

5. Imashini zicukura ibyuma bicukura ibyuma bicukura ibyuma

Bitandukanye n’imashini zisanzwe zo gucukura, imashini zitwara imizigo zifite amasasu n’indobo bireba kure y’umushoferi. Iyi cyerekezo ituma imigozi igera hejuru y’imodoka aho kuyizenguruka, bigatuma izi mashini zikoresha ikoranabuhanga mu bice bito kandi zigakora ingendo zikomeye.

Akenshi zikoreshwa mu gucukura pisine, gusukura aho hantu, imirimo yo mu ngo no gukuraho imyanda, aho ahantu hato cyane kandi ibintu bigakwirakwira kure.

Ibyiza:Byoroshye kuyikoresha ahantu hato kandi hato

Ibibi:Ntukore neza ahantu hatangana cyangwa hanyerera

6. Abacukuzi b'amabuye y'agaciro bareshya n'igihe kirekire

Nk'uko izina ryayo ribigaragaza, imashini icukura ifite amaboko maremare n'ibice binini. Imiterere yayo ituma ikora neza ahantu hagoye kuhagera. Ukuboko kwagutse kw'iyi mashini icukura gushobora kugera kuri metero zirenga 30 mu buryo butambitse.

Izi mashini zicukura zikoreshwa neza mu mishinga yo gusenya nko gusenya inkuta no gusenya inkuta hejuru y’amazi. Imigozi itandukanye ishobora gushyirwa ku kuboko kugira ngo ikore imirimo y’inyongera nko gukata, gusya no gukata.

Ibyiza:Ingufu ndende ni nziza cyane ahantu hagoye kuhagera no mu mishinga yo gusenya

Ibibi:Biragoye gukoresha ahantu hato

7. Amacukumbuzi Mato

Mu myaka ya vuba aha, ba rwiyemezamirimo benshi bakoresha imashini ntoya zo gucukura, ubwoko buto kandi bworoheje bw’imashini isanzwe ishobora kugabanya kwangirika k’ubutaka no kwinjira ahantu hanini kandi hato nko mu biparikingi no mu nzu. Izindi zizwi kandi nka imashini nto zo gucukura, imashini ntoya zikunze gukoresha imashini ntoya zo gucukura umurizo cyangwa zero kugira ngo zihindure neza kandi wirinde guhura n’imbogamizi iyo ari yo yose.