Abantu bagera ku 8.000 nibo bamaze gupfa abandi ibihumbi icumi barakomereka kubera umutingito ukomeye wagwiriye Turukiya na Siriya kuwa mbere.
Inyubako ibihumbi zasenyutse muri ibyo bihugu byombi kandi imiryango itanga ubufasha iraburira ingaruka "zikomeye" mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Siriya, aho abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni batishoboye n'abakuwe mu byabo bari basanzwe bishingikiriza ku nkunga y'ubutabazi.
Ibikorwa bikomeye byo gutabara birimo gukorwa, umuryango mpuzamahanga utanga ubufasha mu bikorwa byo gushakisha no gutabara abahuye n’ibiza. Hagati aho, inzego z’ubuzima zaburiye ko impfu ziturutse ku biza zishobora kwiyongera cyane.
Dore icyo tuzi kuri uyu mutingito n'impamvu wahitanye abantu benshi.
Umutingito wibasiye he?
Imwe mu mitingito ikomeye cyane yibasiye ako gace mu kinyejana cyabaye mu gihe cy’ibitotsi, yahungabanyije abaturage mu masaha ya kare yo kuwa mbere ahagana saa yine za mu gitondo. Umutingito wabereye ku birometero 23 (14.2 miles) mu burasirazuba bwa Nurdagi, mu ntara ya Gaziantep muri Turukiya, ku bujyakuzimu bwa kilometero 24.1 (14.9 miles), nk’uko byatangajwe n’ikigo gishinzwe ubushakashatsi ku bya siyansi n’ibidukikije muri Amerika (USGS).
Imitingito myinshi yakurikiyeho yavumbutse mu gace kose mu masaha make nyuma y’impanuka ya mbere. Nyuma y’iminota 11 nyuma y’uko umutingito wa mbere ubaye, umutingito munini cyane, wapimaga uburebure bwa 7.5, wabaye nyuma y’amasaha icyenda saa saba n’iminota makumyabiri n’ine z’umugoroba, nk’uko USGS ibivuga.
Iyo mitingito ya nyuma y’ubunini bwa 7.5, yabereye mu birometero 95 (ibilometero 59) mu majyaruguru y’umutingito wa mbere, ni yo ikomeye cyane mu mitingito irenga 100 imaze gufatwa kugeza ubu.
Abatabazi ubu barimo kwiruka inyuma y’igihe n’ikirere kugira ngo bakure abarokotse munsi y’ibisigazwa ku mpande zombi z’umupaka. Inyubako zirenga 5.700 muri Turukiya zarasenyutse, nk’uko bitangazwa n’ikigo gishinzwe ibiza muri icyo gihugu.
Umutingito wo kuwa mbere na wo wari umwe mu ikomeye cyane Turukiya yahuye nayo mu kinyejana gishize - umutingito wa 7.8 ku gipimo cya gipimo wabereye mu burasirazuba bw'igihugu mu 1939, wahitanye abantu barenga 30.000, nk'uko USGS ibivuga.
Kuki imitingito iba?
Imitingito ibaho ku migabane yose y'isi - kuva ku misozi miremire cyane mu misozi ya Himalaya kugeza ku bibaya byo hasi cyane, nk'inyanja y'umunyu, kugeza ku turere dukonje cyane twa Antaktika. Ariko, ikwirakwira ry'iyi mitingito si ikintu gitunguranye.
USGS ivuga ko umutingito ari “ugutigita kw’ubutaka guterwa no kunyerera ku kintu gitunguranye. Imihangayiko iri mu gice cyo hanze cy’isi isunika impande z’ikintu gitunguranye. Imihangayiko irakomeza kwiyongera maze amabuye agahita agwa, arekura ingufu mu miraba inyura mu butaka igatera gutigita nk’uko twumva mu gihe cy’umutingito.”
Imitingito ipimwa hakoreshejwe ibyuma bipima imiraba y’isima inyura ku Isi nyuma y’umutingito.
Benshi bashobora kumenya ijambo "Richter Scale" abahanga mu bya siyansi bakoreshaga imyaka myinshi, ariko muri iyi minsi muri rusange bakurikiza Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI), ari na ryo ripima neza ingano y'umutingito, nk'uko USGS ibivuga.
Uburyo imitingito ipimwa
Kuki iyi yari iyica cyane?
Hari ibintu byinshi byatumye uyu mutingito wica abantu benshi. Kimwe muri byo ni isaha y'umunsi wabereyeho. Kubera ko uyu mutingito wabaye kare mu gitondo, abantu benshi bari mu buriri bwabo ubwo wabagaho, none ubu bafatiwe mu bisigazwa by'amazu yabo.
Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ikirere gikonje kandi cy’imvura cyagendaga mu karere, imiterere mibi yatumye ibikorwa byo gutabara no kugarura abarokotse ku mpande zombi z’umupaka birushaho kugorana.
Ubushyuhe busanzwe buri hasi cyane, ariko biteganijwe ko ku wa gatatu ubu buzaba buri munsi ya dogere zeru.
Agace k'umuvuduko muke ubu kari hejuru ya Turukiya na Siriya. Uko ibyo bigenda birushaho kugenda, ibi bizazana "ikirere gikonje cyane" kiva muri Turukiya yo hagati, nk'uko byatangajwe n'umuhanga mu by'ikirere mukuru wa CNN, Britley Ritz.
Biteganyijwe ko ubushyuhe buzaba kuri dogere selisiyusi -4 (dogere selisiyusi 24.8 Fahrenheit) muri Gaziantep na dogere -2 muri Aleppo mu gitondo cyo kuwa gatatu. Ku wa kane, ubushyuhe buzaba kuri dogere -6 na dogere -4.
Minisitiri w’Ubuzima wa Turukiya, Fahrettin Koca, yavuze ko imiterere y’ikirere yamaze gutuma bigorana kugera mu gace kagizweho ingaruka n’impanuka, yongeraho ko kajugujugu zitashoboye guhaguruka kuwa mbere kubera ikirere kibi.
Nubwo bimeze gutyo, abayobozi basabye abaturage kuva mu nyubako ku bw'umutekano wabo mu gihe hari impungenge z'inyongera z'imitingito.
Kubera ko ibihugu byombi byangiritse cyane, benshi batangiye kwibaza ibibazo ku ruhare ibikorwa remezo by’inyubako zo mu gace bishobora kuba byaragize muri ayo marorerwa.
Injeniyeri w’inyubako wa USGS, Kishor Jaiswal, yabwiye CNN kuwa kabiri ko Turukiya yahuye n’imitingito ikomeye mu bihe byashize, harimo n’umutingito wo mu 1999 wabayebyabereye mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bwa Turukiyakandi bishe abantu barenga 14.000.
Jaiswal yavuze ko ibice byinshi bya Turukiya byagizwe ahantu hashobora gutera ibyago byinshi, bityo amategeko agenga inyubako muri ako karere akaba asobanura ko imishinga y’ubwubatsi igomba kwihanganira ibi bibazo kandi mu bihe byinshi ikarinda gusenyuka kw’ibintu bikomeye - iyo bikozwe neza.
Ariko si inyubako zose zubatswe hakurikijwe ibipimo ngenderwaho bya none bya Tirkiya, nk'uko Jaiswal yabitangaje. Ibura ry'imiterere n'ubwubatsi, cyane cyane mu nyubako zishaje, bivuze ko inyubako nyinshi zitashoboraga kwihanganira ubukana bw'ihungabana ry'ikirere.
Jaiswal yagize ati: “Niba utari gushushanya izi nyubako zijyanye n’ubukana bw’imitingito zishobora guhura na zo mu gihe cyo kuzishushanya, izi nyubako zishobora kudakora neza.”
Jaiswal yanaburiye ko inyubako nyinshi zasigaye zihagaze zishobora "gucika intege cyane bitewe n'imitingito ibiri ikomeye twabonye. Haracyari amahirwe make yo kubona umutingito ukomeye bihagije kugira ngo ushenye inyubako zangiritse. Rero muri iki gikorwa cyo gutabara nyuma y'umutingito, abantu bakwiye kwitonda cyane mu kugera kuri izo nyubako zangiritse kugira ngo bakore ubutabazi."
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-08-2023
