Imiterere y’isoko ry’ibyuma muri iki gihe irimo kuzamuka buhoro buhoro ariko mu buryo buhamye. Biteganijwe ko icyifuzo cy’ibyuma ku isi kizongera kwiyongera mu mwaka uri imbere, nubwo inyungu ziri hejuru n’izindi ngaruka mpuzamahanga—ndetse n’imyigaragambyo y’abakozi b’imodoka bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika i Detroit, muri Mich—bikomeje kugira ingaruka ku ihindagurika ry’ibikenewe n’ibiciro bigira ingaruka ku hazaza h’inganda z’ibyuma.
Inganda z'ibyuma ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gupima ubukungu bw'isi. Ihungabana ry'ubukungu riherutse muri Amerika, izamuka ry'ibiciro ku gipimo cyo hejuru cy'ibiciro, ndetse n'ibibazo by'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa, haba mu gihugu no ku isi yose, ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bitera ibirimo kuba ku isoko ry'ibyuma, nubwo bisa nkaho bitazongera kubangamira iterambere ryiyongera ry'ibikenewe mu bihugu byinshi by'ibyuma ndetse n'umuvuduko w'izamuka ry'ubukungu ryabayeho mu 2023.
Nyuma yo kongera kwiyongera kwa 2.3% mu 2023, Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry’Ibyuma (worldsteel) riteganya ko izamuka rya 1.7% mu bucuruzi bw’ibyuma ku isi mu 2024, nk’uko raporo yaryo iheruka ya Short Range Outlook (SRO) ibigaragaza. Nubwo biteganijwe ko igabanuka ry’umuvuduko w’amashanyarazi mu Bushinwa, inganda zikomeye ku isi zikora ibyuma, igice kinini cy’isi cyiteze ko izamuka ry’umuvuduko w’ibyuma. Byongeye kandi, Ihuriro Mpuzamahanga ry’Ibyuma Bitarangwamo Ingufu (worldstainless) riteganya ko ikoreshwa ry’ibyuma bitarangwamo ingufu ku isi rizazamukaho 3.6% mu 2024.
Muri Amerika, aho ubukungu bwazamutse nyuma y’icyorezo, ibikorwa by’inganda byaragabanutse, ariko iterambere rikwiye gukomeza mu nzego nk’ibikorwa remezo rusange n’ingufu. Nyuma yo kugabanukaho 2.6% mu 2022, ikoreshwa ry’ibyuma muri Amerika ryagabanutseho 1.3% mu 2023 kandi byitezwe ko rizongera kwiyongeraho 2.5% kugeza mu 2024.
Ariko, ikintu kimwe kidateganyijwe gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku nganda z'ibyuma mu gihe gisigaye cy'uyu mwaka no mu 2024 ni amakimbirane akomeje hagati y'ishyirahamwe ry'abakozi ba United Auto Workers (UAW) n'isosiyete ikora imodoka "Big Three" - Ford, General Motors, na Stellantis.
Uko imodoka zigenda zigabanuka, niko imodoka zigenda zigabanuka, bigatuma ibyuma bikenerwa bike. Ibyuma bigizwe n'ibirenze kimwe cya kabiri cy'ibicuruzwa ku modoka isanzwe, nk'uko bivugwa n'Ikigo cy'Ubucuruzi bw'Ibyuma n'Ibyuma cya Amerika, kandi hafi 15% by'ibyuma byoherezwa mu gihugu muri Amerika bijya mu nganda z'imodoka. Kugabanuka kw'ibikenewe ku byuma bishyushye kandi bizunguruka hamwe n'igabanuka ry'ibisigazwa by'ibyuma bikorerwa mu modoka bishobora guteza ihindagurika rikomeye ry'ibiciro ku isoko.
Kubera ubwinshi bw'ibyuma bishaje bikunze kuva mu nganda zikora imodoka, kugabanuka k'umusaruro no gukenera ibyuma bitewe n'imyigaragambyo bishobora gutera izamuka rikomeye ry'ibiciro by'ibyuma bishaje. Hagati aho, toni ibihumbi by'ibicuruzwa bitakoreshejwe bisigaye ku isoko bituma ibiciro by'ibyuma bigabanuka. Nk'uko raporo iherutse gusohoka muri EUROMETAL ibivuga, ibiciro by'ibyuma bishaje kandi bishyushye byatangiye kugabanuka mu byumweru byabanjirije imyigaragambyo ya UAW kandi bigera ku rugero rwo hasi cyane kuva mu ntangiriro za Mutarama 2023.
SRO ya Worldsteel ivuga ko kugurisha imodoka n'imodoka nto muri Amerika byazamutseho 8% mu 2023 kandi biteganijwe ko biziyongeraho 7% mu 2024. Ariko, ntibiramenyekana neza uburyo imyigaragambyo ishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku kugurisha, ku musaruro, ndetse no ku busabe bw'ibyuma.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza 12-2023
